Multivariate Data Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multivariate Data Analysis - Assignment Example These variables need to be specified prior to setting up a structural model. The process through which these latent variables are decided is known as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Thus, the measurement model for a CFA also comes in the form of a multivariate regression equation. However, CFA precedes SME since the exogenous variables included in an SME are determined through CFA. CFA and SME together form a measurement model and help in evaluating the underlying relationship between variables, with least measurement errors. An SEM generally consists of a number of multivariate equations which often leads to errors in recording the inputs. Hence the preferred form of input representation in an SEM should be through a covariance matrix with defined row and column names, so as to avoid confusion and errors in providing inputs. Post-estimation, there remains the task of assessing the fitness of the predicted model. Model fit implies the degree to which the estimated model can resemble the observed population model. Hence, the more that the observed covariance matrix corresponds to the estimated one, the better is the model fitness. Generally, model fit could be of two types – goodness of fit and badness of fit; in the former case, the estimated model is considered to be a good representation as the value of the statistic rises in contrast to what the defining factor should be in case of the badness of fit. Examples of the goodness of fit are GFI, CFI, and TLI and those of badness of fit are RMSEA and SRMR. However, there is no benchmark to evaluate the validity of the model based on the value of goodness of fit of the same. The only way-out would be to assess the goodness of fit by figuring out the same via multiple indices.

Menatl Illness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Menatl Illness - Essay Example For clarification purposes, OCD is a mental disorder which is not similar with having an Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder. OCD is characterized by intrusive thoughts such as believing that a devil or another being could possibly harm them or their loved ones. Such thoughts results into behavior that seems paranoid such as being overly protective of people close to them. On the other hand, OCD personality disorder is more concerned with rules, standards, guidelines which makes a person a â€Å"perfectionist†. OCD is a mental disorder with two different but related components. These are intrusive thoughts, the â€Å"obsessive† part of the disorder, and repetitive behaviors, the â€Å"compulsive† part of the disorder (Rachman,2003, p.21). Aardema ( 2007) characterized OCD as ego-dystonic which meant that the individual’s elf-concept is not compatible with the disorder ( p.187). On the contrary, OCD personality disorder is ego-syntonic which is define d by Dorland’s Medical dictionary as â€Å" aspects of a persons thoughts, impulses, attitudes, and behavior that are felt to be acceptable and consistent with the self-conception.† All mental disorders can lead to serious consequences for the individuals who are affected by it. Perhaps among the mental illness known to man, OCD subjects the patients to casual and daily ridicule . There are countless jokes – on everything from sit-coms to sportscasts – about people washing their hands a la Lady Macbeth in an obsessive way. People make continual references to being obsessive or compulsive about one thing or another all the time in a way that to someone who actually struggles with OCD can feel slighting and incredibly dismissive. Those who have this condition, far from finding it a joke, can in fact find it crippling and are often deeply ashamed of their thoughts and behaviors As aforementioned, the disorders have both compulsive and

Leadership Of Sultan Said Bin Sultan 1804 1856 History Essay

Leadership Of Sultan Said Bin Sultan 1804 1856 History Essay In history there are good examples of leadership. Models can be studied and analyzed so that we can draw to the successful leadership. The report will discuss the biography of Sultan Said bin Sultan, as a leader. The period of the reign of Leadership Sultan Said bin Sultan who ruled Oman, from 1804 to 1856, the greatest period in the history of Oman in terms of growth and prosperity. Sultan Said was the greatest person in the nineteenth century ruled Oman. Oman became in the reign of Sultan Said empire stretched from Bandar Abbas on the coast of the Arabian Gulf to the port of Zanzibar on the east coast of Africa, in addition to some islands in the Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, including the Comoros. Report will give Sultan Said background, his experience, the analysis of Sultan Said achievements, his Styles of leadership, and ethics, capabilities of our leader. In the end, will be the conclusion. Why choosing Sultan Said To write an excellent report on the leadership hesitated to choose the best leadership. I was interested in history, especially history of Oman. I did not find a better Leadership than Sultan Said bin Sultan which is the greatest ruler of Oman in the modern era. The long reign of Sultan Said bin Sultan, over fifty-two years has a lot of events and experiences. The Empire ruled by him was distant and different races and religions. So I wanted to analysis the experience of leadership Sultan Said to be as useful in the leading of governance. Background of Sultan Said (1776 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1856) Sultan bin Said was born According to the author Holly (1985) in the town (Alghabra) in the governorate of Muscat in 1776.The Sultan Said bin Sultan, a grandson of the founder of the ruling family in Oman from 1741. He assumed power after the death of his father, Sultan Ahmed bin Sultan. Sultan bin Said, took the reins of power in Oman in 1806. As a child Said bin Sultan at that time studied the holy of Koran and the Arabic language with specialists teachers. Also Said studied the history, literature and read history books to know great leaders and nation history. He defined political and management of government through his father, Sultan Ahmed bin Sultan. Sultan Said had three wives legitimacies only, according to Islamic law the right man to marry four women at the same time Ruth (1988). Tow of his wives from Persia and the third wifes the daughter of his uncle her name Azza Bint Saif. Azza has been the only legal wife until his death. In addition to his wives had a number of different nationalities of the women maids in royal palace born to him, dozens of boys and girls. Whos inherited him were about seventy heirs of boys and girls. Sultan Said died in 1856 in aboard on his ship Victoria during the trip from Oman to Zanzibar, near the Seychelles Islands, and was buried in Zanzibar Holly (1985). His experience Sultan Said was the greatest personality in the nineteenth century ruled Oman. Sultan Said was able by his experience as leadership governed an empire stretching from Oman to Bandar Abbas on the coast of the Arabian Gulf to the port of Zanzibar on the east coast of Africa, in addition to some islands in the Arabian Gulf, the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, including in the Comoros. Ruth (1988). Sultan Said was able to gain the loyalty and satisfaction citizens. He was a modest leader. Sultan Said had long experience in rule extended about fifty-two years. Sultan Said benefited from the experience of leadership during the reign of his father Sultan. As the military leader, he was a brave leader is personally leading the most of the fighting. He was a veteran diplomat was able to establish relations with major countries in the world. Sultan Said was a commercial mentality was able to develop the financial resources of his state. The era of Sultan Said was the golden period in modern history. In the era of Sultan Said economic life flourished. Race has coexisted Arabs, Africans, Asians and other potentially well. The concept of the economy in the era of Sultan Said bin Sultan depends on the development of free trade with the various nations. Sultan Said built a huge commercial fleet backed naval force. Sultan Said distinct commercial relations with China, East Asia, India, Sri Lanka, Iran and other countries. Ruth (1988). The Analysis of Sultan Said Known in the past that the leadership of a hereditary nature. Leaders are born not make. With the emergence of concepts of equality and democracy, has begun a new concept of leadership. The leaders are born not make. Leadership can be learned and acquired. In the end have great man theory. The leaders people with unusual features and abilities to shape events and change the situation. There are a number of personal traits such as: the magnitude of the body, intelligence, confidence and control Huczynski and Buchanan (2007) Functional theories focus on the functions of leadership how the behavior of the leader affects and is affected by a group of his followers Huczynski and Buchanan (2007). It focuses on the nature of the group and subordinates. It is believed that leadership skills can be learned, developed and improved. Situational and contingency theories focus in the leader appears in certain situations, because he who with the best situations to lead the group. Situations as the theory had three components: the leader, the situations and followers. The situation is the installation of interpersonal relationship within the group. Situation will change if the group changed targets. Leadership based on: situation, confidence, habits, traditions and circumstances of the group Huczynski and Buchanan (2007) In assessing the biography of the Leadership must refer to the time he was living and environment his inception. After the death of his father, Said bin Sultan was thirteenth years, He found himself front of his cousin Bader, who wanted power. Where can be the killer or murdered. He has chosen the first option if he wants to sustain life and power. He is believed that leadership skills can be learned developed and improved Huczynski and Buchanan (2007). Those, the person can become a leader in the group by achieved goals. Posts associated with the choice of target and identify ways to achieve the objective. The reign of Sultan Said bin Sultan start in 1804, grandson of the founder of the ruling family El Busaid in Oman the brighter times that Oman experienced during the nineteenth century. The most prosperous despite the many difficulties encountered in building state. Sultan Said bin Sultan, one of the most prominent figures in the family El Busaid, which played a role in the history of Oman and the Gulf and East Africa. Ruth (1988). Sultan Said found his predecessors have on the East coast of Africa kind of sovereignty ambiguous. The Sultan Said ruling became active not nominal. Sultan Said vision and intelligence was able to make real sovereignty in East Africa. Oman became in the reign of Sultan Said wide Empire. So that all areas between Bandar Abbas, on the east coast of the Arabian Gulf to the port of Zanzibar on the east coast of Africa, the influence of Oman. In addition to the many islands in the Gulf as well as the entrance to the Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean including Comoros was under the influence of Oman. There are a number of personal traits such as: the magnitude of the body, intelligence, confidence and control Huczynski and Buchanan (2007).Can be reached from the Traits theory, the Sultan Said bin Sultan successes combines a leader as above-mentioned theories. On this basis, the successful leader is able to combine traditional qualities and skills gained in the leadership. Sultan Said governance inherited from his father. The Sultan Said to prove that the commander was able to develop features and gain experience in running the country. Sultan Said was marked on morality, reverence and attractive personality. The Sultan Said has great potential to affect around him and raising their respect and admiration for him. Sultan Said was able to gain the loyalty and satisfaction citizens. He was a modest leader. Holly (1985). Characterized the Sultan Said, can be loved him and frightens him at the same time, many and varied aspects of his personality. He was character, combining capacity and minimalist. Sultan Said was mixed in his actions as the situation, acumen, compassion, tolerance, firmness, violence, cruelty and revenge. Italian doctors Vensenzo (Roth. (1988)), who worked in the service of Sultan Said, described as handsome man, moderate strength, the skin is bright, good character, Debonair and of a broad vision. The Sultan Said bin Sultan, who ruled more than half a century a wide range in the Gulf and Indian Ocean, moving between the property in Oman and the African coast. Sultan Said believed how the behavior of the leader affects and is affected by a group of his followers. He focuses on the nature of the group and subordinates. In the last years of his rule, he would have preferred justice as long as possible in Zanzibar so that can oversee his property in coast of Africa. He had a very broad relationship with the leaders of African tribes and the kings of provinces and islands, which many could not control, such as Madagascar and others. Therefore, the saying goes (Roth. (1988)) If were banged drums Sultan of Zanzibar, dancing by members of the African Lakes. Sultan Said was interested the needs of subordinates comfort increate a comfortable working environment. Sultan Said gives subordinates area to participate in decision-making. Sultan provides subordinates the procedures and expectations clear. Sultan Said was set to defy their subordinates goals, helping to develop their confidence and reassure them their leader. According to (Ruth (1988) Sultan Said was simple person. He wearied simple clothing, where was difficult to distinguish between him and any of the population of Muscat. He was wearing cotton Dashdashh and above it wool coat and put over his head a turban. His daughter Salamh said (Ruth (1988) he was front the God, he was the good example of reverence and piety, he was a simple and modest. He was far from the superiority and arrogance and estrangement. He went by himself to a section of slaves to congratulate them equal to or novelty in mourning. The Sultan Said bin Sultan, had been able to establish commercial and military fleet, which was able to maintain this state. It also managed to establish international relations with Egypt, some European countries and the United States of America (Holly (1995). The functions of the group are measures of leadership. There are two functional identified are linked to the achievement of leadership: goal and the preservation, which the Sultan chive it. Sultan Said genius leader when he chose Zanzibar in 1833 Holly (1995). To be the capital of East Africa, after the successful transition from a small island to a source of political, economic and cultural and mid-east Africa. Enable the Omani in the presence of his Mogadishu from the north to Cape Delgado in the south east coast. Omani also extended influence in the north-western direction to the Kingdom of Buganda and the west as far as Upper Congo (now Zaire). Sultan Said known as Lord of the Seas he has sailed long and many distance (Ruth (1988). Sultan Said sent his ship Omani (sultana) to the United States of America, carrying the first Omani ambassador. The envoy was the first Arab to reach the United States also sent a Sultana ship to Britain to confirm diplomatic relations with it. Most researchers have praised the wise leadership in the leadership of his empire. Sultan Said bin Sultan had agreements with 22 countries and the exchange of letters with 33 countries. He treated other countries the principle of reciprocity. He distanced his country from becoming involved in international problems at that time. Sultan Said stability the government of Oman (Holly (1995), despite the ambitions and foreign conspiracies. Sultan Said been able to maintain the independence of his countrys balance of using diplomacy over military force in order to reach its objectives. Sultan Said was coordinated between the parties his wide country to guide their work toward the goal. Promote the highest level of performance efficiency and effectiveness. Sultan Said overcome the obstacles and personal conflicts between the royal families (Ruth (1988). This requires the Sultan Said permanent contact with the constantly reminded of the motivation for cooperation. Sultan was working to create a team spirit integrated united goals and aspirations. Sultan Said has not a large military force. He was Dealer. Therefore, survival in power was to receive the consent of the people and leaders. He has taken a new approach in giving the mandate authorities. Oman relies on a large commercial fleet. Experts considered the second largest fleet in the Indian Ocean at that time (Ruth (1988). Support the commercial fleet naval force distinct. Sultan Said bin Sultan, the economy developed his empire in East Africa in addition to the extensive trade with China, South East Asia, India, Sri Lanka and Iran. (Holly (1995). The Sultan has the vision and future plans, when planting the cultivation of cloves in Zanzibar. As, a commercial crop in several farms created on the ground of African, also provided assistance of European explorers, who have disclosures in Africa during the first half of the nineteenth century. Styles of Sultan Said Leadership styles can be divided into three Styles: the democratic leadership, authoritarian leadership and Laissez-faire leadership. democratic leadership based on the principles of consolation and persuasion to influence people. Authoritarian leadership based on tyranny and oppression. As authoritarian leadership, style resort to intimidation of followers to harm them. authoritarian leadership adopts policy maneuver and decision-making. Laissez-faire leadership shows in this type of leadership, when he leaves the decision-making for his followers and implementing the decisions Huczynski and Buchanan (2007). When the Sultan Said assumed power the rule was a hereditary monarchy. Sultan Said might be collecting three styles of leadership some time. As required by the situation and the politics need at that time. But can say Sultan Said was inclined to approach democracy in the governance of the country. Sultan said had Council met with senior commanders and advisers. The Sultan had public council which was held on Friday and Monday each week, the first meeting in the morning, and the second meeting in the evening(Ruth (1988). The right of every citizen is required to meet individually with the Sultan if he had found a special requirement in his embarrassment to all. As we know that the Sultan has the wide country. So it was authorizing governors appointed by the administration areas. When he adopted Zanzibar as second capital for him in 1832, (Holly (1995), when he is in Zanzibar delegate to administrate the Government of Oman to his son Thowani. The opposite will happen, when he is in Oman delegate administration of the Government of Zanzibar to his son Majed (Ruth (1988). Some people said that the behavior of the Sultan is a courtesies east. He wanted their fame and emerging. On the contrary, the Sultan was simple in his life and clothing. The citizens consider him a father. Sultan Said palace doors were opened for citizens and delegations each day. He used to receive people in the palace with kindness and listen to their complaints Ruth. (1988). Sultan Said was an effective problem-solving. Sultan did not hesitate to move quickly in the country when crises arise. He was able to develop plans and strategies and effective decision-making. Ethics and the capabilities of Sultan Said Diversify sources of leadership and literature. The authorities granted to the leaders and vary in scope and impact. Leader needs to skills based on his character and qualities. Successful leader needs skills to ensure the success of its functions. The most important of those Ethics and the capabilities: Leader learning and training: the leader has to be a coach. Leader shows the potential of each followers member to training under his supervision. It creates enthusiasm and confidence to help him to carry out his duties. Sultan preferred choice of strong leaders and empowered to manage areas (Holly (1995). Then give them sufficient powers and give them opportunities to develop themselves through their experiences and take advantage of their mistakes. Leader like the work: man is inherently lazy. Sultan Said was dominated by followers who wish to work. Sultan retained the eminent personalities to selected ministers, advisers and judges who help referees in the conduct of the State( Ruth. (1988). . Sense of responsibility: the difference between the human and machines is a sense of responsibility. Followers are passionate about the duties if it gave them as social service. Sultan Said was a successful businessman who extended trade from the coasts of China in the east to the west coast of America profits promised by wide Ruth. (1988) Profits did not keep him out of politics and governance. Organizing: The duty of leader is organizing the tasks to followers as possibilities. The leader is suspended direct efforts to reach the goal. Sultan said the division of responsibilities and functions between his followers as competencies, expertise, capabilities and aspirations. So, able Sultan Said to rule wide empire (Holly (1995). Ethics of quell resistance: Perhaps some negative resistance in the country. The leader here expects trouble before they occurred so they do not have to put down after they arise. Sultan said was on the conduct of a private matter, far from Amman. He was often forced to leave Zanzibar to address the problems arising in Oman to resolution. He has long period in Zanzibar. The Ethics of observation: Sultan Said believed the necessary for leader to observation follower. That the duty for the leader. Thats easy for giving orders to supervise the implementation. Do not show characteristics of the leader only when observation of implementation. The Ethics of cooperation with the other leaders: A member of the group does not belong to one or farm workers exploited by the leader of her own. But men are gathering goal. And share both as potential trouble. They do not work in the service of one person but home. Sultan Said was discussed with his leaders in the decision-making task during the morning meetings, both in Muscat or Zanzibar. Sultan discusses to resolve the problems of the spirit of collective autistic. Ruth. (1988). Weaknesses of the Sultan Said Many researchers said because of the problems and unrest continued in Oman and the Gulf. That makes Sultan Said turn to East Africa, which led to losing areas power of the Gulf, (Holly (1995). Second issue, there was other case similar events in history. Sultan Said has not been appointed crown prince in advance. Civil war seizes power between the heirs of the Sultan. The war threatened the Omani State Asian and African collapse. Foreign powers interfere in this issue Ruth. (1988). Omani empire was divided into two parts, Oman and Zanzibar. Zanzibar so separated from Oman. Omani peoples ruled Zanzibar until 1964. Conclusion Useful to conclude this report by saying that, Sultan Said bin Sultan was Leader. Sultan Said smart politician and a great leader. Oman became in his reign empire stretched from Bandar Abbas on the coast of the Arabian Gulf to the port of Zanzibar on the east coast of Africa, in addition to some islands in the Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea and Indian Ocean, including the Comoros, Sultan Said bin Sultan is all seriousness and respects deserve to examine a model as leadership. References Holly, D. (1995).Oman .London: Stains published Ministry of Information. (1995). Oman in History. London: Immel Publishing Ruth, Rudolf Said. (1988).Sayyed Said bin Sultan 1791 1856 .Bruit: Arab House Johnson, H. (1997). Oman a pictorial Resuscitation .Hong Kong Hall, R. (1999). Empires of the Monsoon. Abu dubi: Emeriti studies. Abass, A. (1981). Groups and Leadership. Cairo Posner, Kouzes. (2003). The Leadership challenge. Third edition Huczynski, A. and Buchanan, D. (2007). Organizational Behavior. 6th edition. London: Prentice Hall Grint, K. (April 2008). Leadership, task and relationship. Human Resource Management Journal, 18, 188 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 195. Goleman, d. and Boyatzis, R. (Sep. 2008) Intelligence and Biology of Leadership, Harvard Business Review, 74 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 78. 09:19 Appendix: photo Sultan Said bin Sultan from 1776 à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 1856 (photo)

Macbeth Was Responsible For His Own Downfall Essay -- essays research

Macbeth is the driving force behind Macbeth’s downfall Lady Macbeth? The driving force behind Macbeth’s downfall? Certainly not. Macbeth was completely and solely responsible for all the acts of great evil which were to lead to his downfall, and to even suggest the blame can be shifted on his wife is ludicrous. From his very first meeting with the witches, Macbeth’s mind became instantly plagued with thoughts of murder and treachery. The guilty start that Banquo noticed: "Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear Things that do sound so fair?†¦" showed us that the thought of murder was already at the back of his mind. This showed us that Macbeth could not have been as honourable and trustworthy as people believed him to be, given that if he had had but a shred of integrity, murder would have been the last thing on his mind. The witches cannot corrupt the virtuous (like Banquo), they can work only on the evil that they already find in their victim’s mind. At this point, Macbeth (and everyone else), was not aware of this evil inside of him, which is why he was so horrified by the hideous imaginings that spring to mind. He was afraid of speaking of his "black and deep desires" openly, even to himself. For this reason, he sends a letter to his wife, explaining the situation, hoping that the thought of murder would cross her mind, and he won’t have to be the one to bring it up. On receiving the letter, Lady Macbeth’s first thought (as Macbeth had hoped it would be) was one of murder. She was just as ambitious, if not more so, than her husband, so much so that she would do anything, even conspire to commit murder, to get what she wanted in the end. However, she was not an evil woman, which is why she felt the need to call on the powers of darkness to aid her in what she was about to do: "†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty; make thick my blood &q... ...ad. Earlier, she had dismissed the matter of Duncan’s murder, but now she admits to herself what she knew all along, that "All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand" In the end, she can no longer cope with the guilt, and in the words of Malcolm in the last scene of the play. "Who, as ‘tis thought, by self and violent hands Took of her life-†¦" It seems now that Lady Macbeth must have been less strong, and not as evil as Macbeth. When she took part in the planning of the murder of Duncan, she felt so guilty in the long run that she felt she had to take her own life. However, Macbeth has performed crimes that are a lot worse than the crime his wife committed, but he has not decided to do anything as drastic as taking his own life. It is in Act 5 scene 5 that Macbeth shows us the true extent of his insanity. He has lost the capacity to feel fear (for his inevitable death), and grief (for his dead wife). It is in Act 5 Scene 7 that Macbeth’s life comes to an abrupt end, and no one grieves him. He died a tyrant and a murderer, all through his own fault.

Telephone Conversation by Wole Soyinka

Telephone conversation by Wole Soyinka is about, as the title suggests, a conversation over the telephone between two people – a West African man and a British landlady. The former was looking for a place to live in London. He felt that the ‘price seemed reasonable’ and the ‘location indifferent’ in the sense that it was impartial. The landlady claimed that she ‘lived off premises’ possibly indicating that it was a source of income for her. The poem is in free verse and appears like a conversation, like an active telegraphic dialogue.It is a poem that takes the support of irony to put across a point strongly, that is, absurdity of racism. The poet has taken this creative idea to convey his anger over how society gives undue importance to a man’s colour and not this culture or intellect. The opening lines of the poem introduce the theme which rests on the irony of the word ‘indifferent’. The speaker wants an apartment a nd in this regard he calls the landlady to speak to her. He finds the ‘price reasonable’ and the ‘location indifferent’. ‘Indifferent’ here possibly indicated ‘impartial’ to race and colour.The landlady emphatically says that she lives ‘off the premises’ – the apartment is a source of income for her. Everything seems alright and the speaker feels that he should tell the lady that he is an African. He does this to avoid ‘a wasted journey’ because he has an apprehension that when the lady sees him she might react negatively and reject him. Hence there is the need for this ‘self-confession’. He has not done any wrong that he should confess – yet he seems apologetic. The response to this self-confession is ironically a heavy silence – a pause – that transmuted ‘good breeding’ of the lady.She is possibly caught unawares. The African is too shocked and hurt t o react immediately and therefore, the heavy silence is broken with questions – ‘How dark? ’ and ’Are you light or very dark? ’ She wants to know the colour of his skin. This was an absurd notion followed by the whites; they thought that the lighter shades of the dark-skinned people were better than the darker ones. The speaker is suddenly conscious of the ‘stench of rancid breath’ of the public booth, its red colour, the ‘red pillar box’ and the red bus – all Red.It is an evocative image that brings out the reality if the prejudice against him. The colour red here symbolises the extent of shock and anger of the African. He is the one looking for acceptance and belonging, and lodging. The colour might also refer to the branding of cattle, where each of them has a red mark on its body that makes it easier for its master to identify them. The man’s silence is an ‘ill-mannered silence’ eloquently int erpreted as bad manners by the landlady. She politely tones down the sharpness of her question but nevertheless seeks to know ‘how dark’ he is.The poet calling her ‘considerate’ is an irony because she does not rephrase her question sensitively and considerately, but it is considerate as so far she converted the phrases. ‘Revelation came’ when the African realised that the whites shall never regard the blacks as human beings as themselves. The African replies in a childish way, resigning himself and simplifying the choices of the landlady. He says, ‘You mean – like plain or milk chocolate? ’ All his anguish, pain and anger takes recourse and he forces to see himself through the eyes of the lady.She answers him in infirmity and then, adjusting himself with the ‘wave-length’ of the white lady, apparently complying with her, he says, ‘West African sepia’ from ‘down in’ his ‘passportà ¢â‚¬â„¢. This is again an irony, as the African in reality faces rejection in Europe by the whites despite having a passport. This depicts that the colour of the skin is an absurdly important parameter for describing humans according to the whites. The answer of the African does not satisfy the lady and she feigns not to understand – ‘what’s that? ’ is her question.He replies that it is similar to brunette and she immediately clarifies that that’s dark. Now the man has had enough of her insensitiveness. He disregards all constraints of formality and mocks her outright, saying that he isn’t all black, the soles of his feet and the palms of his hands are completely white, but he is foolish enough to sit on his bottom so it has been rubbed black due to friction. But as he senses that she is about to slam the receiver on him, he struggles one last time to make her reconsider, pleading her to at least see for herself; only to have the phone slamme d on him.Exasperated by these indifferences he is keen to tell her that but for his brown skin he is like any other normal human being – with palm of the hand, soles of his feet a ‘peroxide blond’. He realises that she wants the details to be able to categorise him. But the process angers him and provokes him to describe how the bottoms ‘raven black’ and asks her to judge for herself. The lady had already sent the receiver rearing on the thunderclap. She had disconnected. The telephone conversation has concluded but the man has to have the last word. He asks if she wouldn’t rather see for herself.

Critique of the AHIMA Code of Ethics Essay

One of the most important gifts that God gave us is our life. Without it, we are nothing. And to show our appreciation for this gift, we should take good care of our life by staying healthy. Nowadays, healthcare is very expensive: from medicine to health information management. The professionals that are involve in health information management takes charge of the administration and progress of medical information systems of the patient to guarantee the safety, security and privacy of the information. Much medical information contains several accounts that must be protected for the good of the individual concern and for the immediate family. The American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) is the premier association in the US which includes Health Information Management (HIM) professional from all parts of the country. These HIM professionals have proficiency in healthcare information technology which includes accreditation from the Registered Health Information Administrator (RHIA). The responsibilities of the AHIMA members are not only providing service, protecting medical and social information, and assuring the privacy and confidentiality of these information but also to improve the quality of service in healthcare. To maintain the best service for the benefit of the patient, AHIMA provide its own code of ethics. This code of ethics will provide each HIM professional of the proper conduct each and every one of them should possess. AHIMA believes that this code of ethics is important for it will make this HIM practitioners the professional they should be. Professional in terms of having the values a good HIM professional should be. This code is necessary for it provides the guidelines for the conduct that should be shown towards a conflict or situation. It is the sole obligation of the HIM professionals to show actions that will mirror values and ethical principles. This Code of Ethics has 6 principles. Among those principles â€Å"is to determine the proper values that this task is based† and â€Å"gives HIM professional the option to weigh the circumstances under which they are involved† (AHIMA Code of Ethics). These principles will help them think of having the right decision that is needed. However, this code does not provide any specific event or situation wherein HIM professionals will have to follow. They are still the one who will decide of the decision they will make. The code implementation lies to the one who reviews the task done by a HIM professional. If a HIM professional is being regarded as a violator of the code, it does not mean that he/she will have a legal responsibility. This still undergoes in a peer review process that will make it fair for both of the professional and the other party that regarded him/her of the violation. The AHIMA Code of Ethics does not have the solution to all the problems that will arise nor will assure the ethical and principal behavior. Rather, it will set onward values that show the ethical meaning of the profession. On the other hand, the professional responsibilities do many heroic or sacrificial things to each professional. They act beyond the limits to make sure that they do their whole responsibility. Sometimes, individuals act through values of loyalty and service to others. They make themselves proud of the profession they have because of what they done to other’s lives. And this is to provide the people the need of protection of their medical and social information. I know that this code of ethics will give me the chance to become one of the finest and trusted HIM professional in the future. This will help my character grow for better by providing the idea of having the right decision in certain disputes and problems. So, how this code of ethics would make me realize that this is for real? That this will help me once I became a HIM professional? It is up to us, future HIM professional, to be guided of these principles. And it is up to us to give our own heart and passion for service and protection of people’s lives. References American Health Information Management Association. (2006). American Health Information Management Association Code of Ethics. Retrieved November 10,2007, from http://library. ahima. org/xpedio/groups/public/documents/ahima/bok1_024277. hcsp? dDocName=bok1_024277 College of Health Professions, Temple University. (2007). Health Information Management. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. temple. edu/chp/departments/him/ National Association of Social Workers. (2001). Code of Ethics. Retrieved November 10, 2007, from http://www. naswdc. org/pubs/code/default. asp